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Lillian Ross

Among our (many) favorite pieces by Lillian Ross, who died on Wednesday at the age of 99, is a little story about Federico Fellini, the filmmaker, from 1985, for The New Yorker’s Talk of the Town section.

He came to New York to be honored by the Film Society of Lincoln Center. Ross (and we) tag along with Fellini and his wife, the actress Giuletta Masina; Marcello Mastroianni, the actor; and Anouk Aimée, the actress; along with a few assistants, on a day-trip to Darien, where they’re invited for lunch by Dorothy Cullman, chairman of what Ross refers to on second reference as the F.S. of L.C.

The gang, in “a cavalcade of limos,” makes its way north. Ross sits in back with Fellini, Aimée and Mastroianni; Masina is up front with the driver. Ross writes:

“There were lots of high-spirited ‘Ciao!’s and laughter and the Italian equivalents of ‘Get a horse!’ from those in our limo to those in the one behind us, and then Fellini settled down… ‘This is the first time we are all together in New York,’ he said. ‘And now we go to Conneckticut,’ he added, giving a phonetic rendition that was used comfortably by everybody thereafter…

‘Is that Conneckticut?’ Mastroianni asked, pointing out the window at New Jersey as we drove up the Henry Hudson Parkway. Fellini pointed in the opposite direction, at Grant’s Tomb, and we identified it for him. ‘Cary?’ Miss Aimée asked, looking stricken. We explained Ulysses S., and everybody looked relieved.”

Discussion ensues – about the possibility of changing into bathing suits in Darien, about the making of “La Dolce Vita” – punctured by exclamations – “Look at the trees!,” Mastroianni calls out. “Look! There’s Conneckticut!”

“Not yet, we said,” Ross tells us.

The caravan finally arrives at a white clapboard house built around 1720 that overlooks a perfect lawn with a huge swimming pool that’s like a pond. Out of the limos, “up a white-and-tan pebbled walk Fellini and the gang strode – like characters in a Fellini movie – toward the house,” where they’re greeted by Mrs. Cullman, whom Ross describes:

“She wore an ample peach-and white antique Japanese kimono over a white cotton jumpsuit, and she had on flat-heeled white sandals. On her wrists she wore handsome matching wide antique Indian bracelets of ivory and silver. She extended both hands to the guests. ‘An apparition!’ Fellini whispered in awe… Fellini kissed one of Mrs. Cullman’s outstretched hands, Mastroianni kissed the other, everybody relaxed, and we were off on a Sunday-in-the-country.”

Mrs. Cullman apologizes that Mr. Cullman has just taken their cook, who had suddenly become ill, to the hospital, but assures them there will be lunch.

The gang heads into the house, to a glass-enclosed porch that looks out over the lawn and pool. They snack on crabmeat on apricot halves and pâté on toast.

Mr. Cullman appears, dressed in jeans, sneakers and an Italian striped cotton shirt, and reports that the cook is now healthy and back in the kitchen.

Mrs. Cullman sits down next to Fellini. “I have only two Italian words – molto bene,” she confides. The filmmaker smiles and lifts “a crab-filled apricot half in a gesture of salute to her. ‘Molto bene,’” he says.

Mr. Cullman reappears – he’s changed into “a cream-colored Issey Miyake sweater shirt, cream-colored slacks, and white loafers” – and proceeds to lead the guests on a tour of the house.

“Why all the houses made of wood, not stone, in Connectikut?” Mastroianni asks. “Plenty of wood in this part of the country,” Mr. Cullman says. “I thought wood because the pioneers moved all the time – away from the Indians,” Mastroianni says, acting the part of an Indian shooting an arrow at Mr. Cullman. “Yeah,” Mr. Cullman says.

The gang and its hosts head outside and wander down to the pool. Mrs. Cullman asks who’s for a swim. “Fellini looked at Mastroianni, who looked at Miss Masina,” who turns away from some hanging bells she’s admiring, “and all shook their heads” no.

The group makes its way back to the house, more crabmeat and pâté, and Mrs. Cullman and Fellini get to talking about travel. She notes that Fellini hasn’t spent much time in New York. He tells her that he visited once only to turn around and head back to Italy. He said he came to regret leaving so soon.

“Do you feel when you travel that you’re too close to it, and that later you feel differently about it?” Mrs. Cullman asks.

“Language is the medium for the relationship to reality,” Fellini says, looking apologetic, writes Ross. “If I don’t know the language, I feel lost.”

Lunch follows: “Curried chicken, seafood pasta, steamed mussels, steamed clams, green salad, white wine, three kinds of cake, ice cream, candied-ginger sauce, fresh fruit, and espresso,” Ross reports.

In the limo on the way home, the director of the tribute walks Fellini through the run of show. “It will be pictures, people, pictures, people, et cetera, and at the end, you,” she tells him.

“I want the Rockettes,” Fellini says.

Cut to the next night, at Avery Fisher Hall. Backstage, Fellini runs into Mr. Cullman, who is wearing a tuxedo and bow tie that Ross tells us has “spectacular blue polka dots the size of dimes on a bright-red background.”

“It is the tie of a Connectikut Yankee,” Fellini says knowledgeably.

The tribute “goes off nicely,” says Ross.

She reports that Fellini read a short speech, which we know is lovely, because Ross gives him the last word. There’s a sweetness to his remarks that’s missing from our current age.

“My dear American friends: You are truly a simpatico people, as I always suspected since I was a child… In the small movie house of my village – with two hundred seats and five hundred standing room – I discovered through your films that there existed another way of life, that a country existed of wide-open spaces, of fantastic cities which were like a cross between Babylon and Mars. Perhaps, thinking about it now, the stories were simplistic. However, it was nice to think that despite the conflicts and the pitfalls there was always a happy ending. It was especially wonderful to know that a country existed where people were free, rich, and happy, dancing on the roofs of the skyscrapers, and where even a humble tramp could become President. Perhaps even then it wasn’t really like this. However, I believe that I owe to those flickering shadows from America my decision to express myself through film. And so I, too, made some films and gave life to some flickering shadows, and through them I told the story of my country. And tonight, I am extremely touched to find myself here, together with my beloved actors and honored by the people who inspired me in those old years.”

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People

Happy Christmas

happy xmas

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People

Remembering Nelson Mandela…

IMG_0370As I type this I’m listening to the BBC’s coverage of the memorial service for Nelson Mandela that is being held at FNB Stadium in Johannesburg. Leaders from the U.S., China, Brazil, the U.K., India, Afghanistan, Liberia, France, Cuba and scores of other countries are arriving to join more than 90,000 mourners who are gathering to show their respects to Mandela.

While awaiting the start of the proceedings, I’ve been listening to the sounds of the stadium and leafing through “Long Walk to Freedom,” Mandela’s autobiography. I’ve been re-reading Mandela’s speech at the Rivonia trial, at which Mandela and fellow members of the African National Congress were convicted of conspiring to overthrow South Africa’s apartheid government.

The trial took place over roughly 20 months beginning in October 1962. As Mandela describes, the defense case began in April 1964 with a statement from the dock by Mandela. In his address, Mandela detailed the disparities between the lives of blacks and whites in South Africa and described the aims and objects of the ANC, which included the following:

Africans want a just share in the whole of South Africa; they want security and a stake in society. Above all, we want equal political rights, because without them our disabilities will be permanent. I know this sounds revolutionary to the whites in this country, because the majority of voters will be Africans. This makes the white man fear democracy. This then is what the ANC is fighting for.  Their struggle is a truly national one. It is a struggle of the African people, inspired by their own suffering and their own experience. It is a struggle for the right to live.

After reading for four hours, Mandela turned to face the judge and delivered from memory the final words:

During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

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People

From prisoner to president…

taxi_rankOn Saturday I spent the afternoon in the rondaval of a South African traditional healer.

My girlfriend and I had come to see the healer and his wife to ask them their feelings on the passing of Nelson Mandela and to visit a nearby taxi rank together. Each day residents of the Zulu tribal area that adjoins the mostly white enclave where we live gather at the rank to hail taxis to town and elsewhere here in the province of Kwa-Zulu Natal.

“Mandela was a hero,” Makhosi Zuma, our host, told us. “In Zulu, we say ‘iqhawe.’ He survived from being a prisoner to become a president.”

Mandela is a hero. Born, educated, tried for treason, imprisoned for 27 years and elected president in his country’s first democratic elections, he changed the lives of all South Africans. He may be the greatest man to have been born within these borders, but he became a hero to the world.

Buried in the roadway near the taxi rank lies a steel grate that is said to have marked a barrier in the days of apartheid. Blacks who sought to enter the whites-only area on the other side of the grate had to present their so-called passbook in order to cross.

To this American, the grate embodies both South Africa’s progress and the challenges that remain. Stand at the grate and you’ll see cars and trucks carrying white South Africans bump past the tribal area’s mostly black residents, who gather at the rank to hail rides in taxis known as kombis.

Commuting via kombi can mean packing into a van with 10 others and enduring ear-splitting music. It also can mean exposing oneself to tuberculosis, especially when the windows remain rolled up, which is often the case on rainy days that mark the springtime.

A commute suggests the commuter has a job, something that too few people here possess. South Africa’s unemployment rate stands at 24.7%, among the highest in the world, according to Africa Check. The country also has the world’s fourth-highest murder rate and the highest incidence per capita of people living with HIV. For millions of its citizens, South Africa remains, to borrow a label coined by the novelist Zadie Smith, a death-dealing place.

That’s not to say South Africa has a monopoly on death. America’s transition from apartheid took about 100 years and was marked by violence, poverty and other ills that have spanned generations. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., the hero of America’s anti-apartheid movement, was murdered at age 39. Mandela lived to be 95.

Mandela himself knew the challenges his country faced would not end with majority rule. As he wrote in his autobiography:

The truth is that we are not yet free; we have merely achieved the freedom to be free, the right not to be oppressed. We have not taken the final step of our journey, but the first step on a longer and even more difficult road. For to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others. The true test of our devotion to freedom is just beginning.

Iqawhe.

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People

One measure of Mandela

“Nelson Mandela embodied the 20th century in South Africa and in the world in many more ways than people think,” recalls Zackie Achmat, who co-founded the organization that forced the government to provide antiretroviral drugs to South Africans living with HIV.

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People

Never Again

purple mandelaTerrific tribute to Madiba, by Prophets of da city

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People Travel

Ubuntu

car_ditchThere’s an African ethic know as ubuntu, which holds that our common humanity derives from what we share. No person is an island.

“In our culture, there is no such thing as a solitary individual,” Archbishop Desmond Tutu has said, describing ubuntu. “A person is a person through other persons.”

I experienced ubuntu firsthand on Saturday, after our Toyota Yaris became stuck in a drainage ditch while my girlfriend and I were en route to the Drakensberg mountains that line the border between South Africa and Lesotho.

The mishap occurred as I reversed the Yaris on a narrow dirt road and failed to see the ditch in time. Luckily for us, the car lodged on the ditch’s rim, which held the vehicle in place. Otherwise the vehicle could have overturned with us in it.

As we stepped out of the car and contemplated calling a tow truck, we resigned ourselves to our plans for the sunny, 70-degree day being upended by the accident. Just then, a car arrived and three Zulu guys jumped out.

They didn’t ask whether we needed help.

Instead, they sized up the situation without our having to explain anything and then filed into the ditch with the goal of pushing the car up and over the edge.

About then a second car appeared and then a third, and out poured the passengers of both vehicles. In all, we had six men ready to lend their strength to the effort. An Indian man arrived in his pickup truck. The group hatched a plan that the truck would tow while the rest of us pushed.

In what seemed like five minutes, the car was back on the road. Though the men did not ask for anything in return for their aid, I offered them some bottles of water that we had in an ice chest in the trunk.

In that instant, nine people on a road in rural South Africa came together in a community.

Ubuntu.

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People

Nelson Mandela’s long walk to freedom

purple mandelaI recently read “Long Walk to Freedom,” Nelson Mandela’s autobiography. Besides being an amazing tale of one of the world’s great leaders, Mandela’s account of the development of his political consciousness fascinated me.

Throughout, Mandela writes about lessons learned in the politics of the anti-apartheid movement. The story he tells is, of course, one of struggle and ultimately triumph, but it’s also a story about politics. While reading I bookmarked some of Mandela’s descriptions of life under apartheid, his childhood and his outlook.

Here’s Mandela, who practiced law in Johannesburg, describing life for black South Africans under apartheid:

Africans were desperate for legal help in government buildings: it was a crime to walk through a Whites Only door, a crime to ride a Whites Only bus, a crime to use a Whites Only drinking fountain, a crime to walk on a Whites Only beach, a crime to be on the streets past eleven, a crime not to have a pass book and a crime to have the wrong signature in that book, a crime to be unemployed and a crime to be employed in the wrong place, a crime to live in certain places and a crime to have no place to live.

Mandela spent 27 years in prison after being convicted on charges of sabotage and conspiring to overthrow the apartheid government. In the following passage he discusses his incarceration.

Prison and the authorities conspire to rob each man of his dignity. In and of itself, that assured I would survive, for any man or institution that tries to rob me of my dignity will lose because I will not part with it at any price or under any pressure.

Mandela goes on to discuss the hopefulness that enabled him to survive his incarceration.

I never seriously considered the possibility that I would not emerge from prison one day. I never thought that a life sentence truly meant life and that I would die behind bars. Perhaps I was denying this prospect because it was too unpleasant to contemplate. But I always knew that someday I would once again feel the grass under my feet and walk in the sunshine as a free man.

Mandela’s father died when Nelson was a boy. Jongintaba, a Xhosa chief whom Mandela’s father had befriended, offered to become Nelson’s guardian. Mandela was sent to live with Jongintaba’s family at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni, the provisional capital of Thembuland. Tribal meetings that Mandela attended at the Great Place provided him with lessons in leadership, including the following:

As a leader, I have always followed the principles I first saw demonstrated by the regent at the Great Place. I have always endeavored to listen to what each and every person in a discussion had to say before venturing my own opinion. Oftentimes, my own opinion will simply represent a consensus of what I heard in the discussion. I always remember the regent’s axiom: a leader, he said, is like a shepherd. He stays behind the flock, letting the most nimble go out ahead, whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along they are being directed from behind.

In the book’s penultimate paragraph, Mandela writes of the challenge ahead for his nation.

When I walked out of prison, that was my mission, to liberate the oppressed and the oppressor both. Some say that has now been achieved. But I know that is not the case. The truth is that we are not yet free; we have merely achieved the freedom to be free, the right not to be oppressed. We have not taken the final step of our journey, but the first step on a longer and even more difficult road. For to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others. The true test of our devotion to freedom is just beginning.

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People

Movie Day at Imbali “Unit J”

groupsOn Sunday I visited Imbali, a Zulu township in KwaZulu-Natal that was founded in the early 1960s when people moved to urban areas in search of work. I went there with Rachel, a colleague of my girlfriend’s, who volunteers a few hours each week to teach art to kids who live in a section of the township known as Unit J.

Sunday was movie day. About 38 kids showed up for popcorn that Rachel and I popped and bagged in individual white paper bags. Just like a movie theater, which is something most of these kids have never experienced.

line for show

Most also have little sense of the world beyond their township. Rachel decided to show them the “Congo” installment of Africa, the television series produced by the BBC and the Discovery Channel. “I decided that even if my class is unable to fully grasp the size of the world, I want them to know that there is more to it than Imbali J,” she wrote recently.

The theater was in a garage where the art class meets. For movie day Rachel brought along her MacBook and a projector, which she aimed at an old sheet that hung inside the door.

While Rachel set up the room, the kids and I took turns introducing ourselves. “Ubani igmalakho,” we asked each other, Zulu for “What’s your name?” I offered some kids my notebook and pen so they could write their names in it. One girl and boy proudly showed me their ability to write the alphabet in uppercase and lowercase script.

budding journo

Rachel divided the kids into two groups and asked one girl to pass out the bags of popcorn as the kids entered the theater one-by-one.

The girl was a terrific usher. She showed all the kids to their seats. Most of the moviegoers waited until showtime to open their popcorn.

Rachel dimmed the lights and stood at the front of the theater, where she asked some of the kids to help her hold up a map of Africa. “Where is South Africa?” she asked the group. A few kids pointed to the bottom of the continent. “Today we’re watching a video of the Congo,” Rachel added. “Does anyone remember where the Congo is?”

before the show

Again, a few kids pointed. “It’s here,” said Rachel. “A big jungle. What animals are in the jungle?” The kids buzzed. “How about gorillas?” Rachel inquired. “Watch the animals. Afterward, I’m going to ask you what animals you saw.”

Rachel started the video. The kids opened their popcorn. “What is that?” Rachel asked as a chimpanzee tried to extract honey from a bees’ nest. “A monkey,” a few kids answered. “What is he eating?” she added. “Honey.”

As our tour of the Congo jungle continued, the kids chattered continuously. Eventually, Rachel paused the video about midway through so they could go outside, where as if on cue a truck from a ministry showed up with lunch. The kids queued in the sunshine for curry over rice that the people from the ministry scooped from a green bucket into clamshell-shaped plastic containers.

lunch line

The movie resumed with the audience about half of what it was at the start. By the time the video showed a gathering of elephants in the forest, about 17 kids remained. Some disassembled a jigsaw puzzle on the floor while others sat quietly. Some came in and out of the garage. “No more in and out,” Rachel told them.

At the end of the film, some kids took to the blackboard wall, where they drew pictures of elephants and chimpanzees. They had been paying attention. One girl drew a likeness of Rachel, or “Rechel,” as the girl wrote above the drawing.

Other kids streamed out into the late-afternoon sunlight, carrying their containers of curry.

drawing red dress

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Favorite Places People

A wonderful weekend with the Mbhele family

“On the 20 September 2013, we will be slaughtering cows,” read the invitation from the Mbhele family to a Zulu ritual in honor of ancestors. “On the 21 September 2013, we are inviting all members of iTEACH to be with us.”

It was my honor to attend an Umcimbi at the family’s home in Elandskop  along with my girlfriend and two of her colleagues. The Mbhele family could not have been more gracious or welcoming.

On Friday night we sat with the elders in the family’s round house, took turns cutting the freshly slaughtered cattle and enjoyed some of the freshest beef you can imagine. The meat had been cooked on the braai and rubbed with coarse salt.

The next day we dined with guests on beef curry and yellow rice, and took part in traditional singing and dancing.

Special thanks to Nhlaka Mbhele for being a terrific guide. I look forward to our continued friendship.